Hardware security is a field of study that focuses on protecting computer hardware and related components from malicious attacks and unauthorized access. This includes securing devices such as processors, memory, storage, and peripherals to prevent threats such as hacking, tampering, and physical attacks. Hardware security often involves implementing secure design practices, encryption techniques, authentication mechanisms, and access control measures to enhance the overall security of a system. This area of research is crucial for ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of sensitive data and information processed by electronic devices.